Means for shaping tubes or containers



J. A. DOVE MEANS FOR SHAPING TUBES 0R CONTAINERS March 19, 1940.

Filed Aug. 30, 1937 7 sheetfigeyf 7/ y f m Z 4 fi March 19, 1940. J. A. DOVE 2,194,385

Imus FOR SHAPING TUBES 0R CONTAINERS Filed Aug. 30, 1937 7 Sheets-Sheet 2 Fig. 2. com.

J7 /M 9 ATTORNEY! M65 19, 1940. J. A. DOVE 2,194,385

MEANS FOR SHAPING TUBES 0R CONTAINERS i V 74 150 75 76 151 65 K B ATTOR/VEX! March 19, 1940. J. A. DOVE MEANS FOR SHAPING TUBES 0R CONTAINERS Filed Aug. 30, 1937 7 Sheets-Sheet 4 March 19, 1940.

J. A. DOIVE 2,194,385

MEANS FOR SHAPING TUBES 0R CONTAINERS Filed Aug. 30, 1937 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 A TTORNEY'5',

March 19, 1940.

J. A. DOVE MEANS Y6K SHAPING TUBES OR CONTAINERS Filed Au :50, 1937 "7 Sheets-Sheet e' Fig. 9.

I IN VENTORI March 19, 1940. J. A. DOVE MEANS FOR SHAPING TUBE S 0R CONTAINERS Filed Aug. 30, 1937 7 Sheets-Sheet. 7

Fig.

Fig. 16. 123 Y Patented Mar. 19, 1940 MEANS FOR SHAPING TUBE-S on [CONTAINERS Y John. Arthur Dove, Sutton-in-Ashfield, England,

assignor to Barringer, Wallis &

ited, Mansfield, England Application August 30, 1937,-Serial Manners Lim- In Great Britain September 25, 1936 8 Claims. (01. 113- 52) f 1 v Figure 3 is a front elevationof a further maf This invention is fora means for shaping tubes or containers and is concerned primarily with the shaping of thin sheet metal articles by the exercise of pressure thereon at the part or parts to be shaped."

' An important object of the invention is to provide a machine o apparatus whereby either solid drawn or seamed tubes or containers can be shaped or bulged with equal facility by unskilled labor, and whereby comparatively hard or comparatively soft, sheet metals can be worked equally well.

The present invention provides a machine for shaping tubular or cylindrical articles such as metal tubes or containers by expanding or bulging same, comprising, in combination, means for supporting the work, atool rotatable about a constant axis, means for effecting rotation of said tool,'one or more members associated with the 20. tool and adapted during rotation of the tool to be radially displaced relatively thereto, and to apply pressure to the interior of the work for shapin same, means for effecting axial or longitudinal movement of the Work simultaneously with the 25. rotation'of the tool, and means associated with said tool functioning automatically to control the outward radial displacement of said member or members. f I

' By the employment of a machine having a ro- 30. tatable shaping "tool and wl ierein the work is moved longitudinally or axially during the rotation of the tool, the shaping or spinning of seamed articles can be successfully accomplished without danger of, bursting or collapsing the seam.

A subsidiary featureofcthis invention,resides in an expandingtool'for shaping'tubular sheet metal members comprisinga head,' and a'plurality of pressure elements mounted thereon in a circumferential series for movement to an ex- 40 posed'position. These pressurev elements are preferably, constituted by balls, although rollers or non-rotational elements such" as plungers or plates may be employed. Desirably the pressure elements arearranged to be moved outwards by centrifugal force upon rotation of the tool, al-

though alternatively, or additionally, means may be provided for controlling the outward movement. r

In order that the invention may bebetter understood reference will now-be-made to the accompanying drawings, in which Figural is a'plan of oneform of machine according. tothis. invention, while a I Figure-12 is-j isection hereo'f on a larger scale,

chine according to this invention, while,

Figure 4 is a side elevation thereof. v Figure 5 is a section showing the tool employed in the machine, J

Figure 6 is an inverted View of a clutch inthe machine, o I p v I Figure '7 is a plan of a work clamp whichis utilized in the machine of Figs. 4 and 5, but which may be utilized in any machine according to the:

invention.

Figure 8. is a detail of the said machine, Figures 9 and 10 are longitudinal sections of two forms of tool according to this invention,

Figure 11 is a perspectiveview showing work which can be formed by the tool of Fig. 10.

Figures 12, 13 and Here longitudinal sections through other tools, while" Figure 15 is a section through the tool shown in Fig. 14. Y v

Figure 16 illustrates the use of a rotatable cam in the machine. j 1

This machine comprises-a bed 10 on which a headstock (indicated generally at H in Fig. 1) is slidably mounted towards and away'from a spinning tool l2. Convenientlythe mounting for the headstock and the tool consists of two horizontal parallel spaced bars 13, It suitably supported at their endsas at 15,16. The headstock consists of two brackets ll, 18 that span the said bars and carry means for locating the tubular container l9'to .be spun.- Thebra'cket H has at tached to it externally screwed sleeves '26, 2i

through which the mounting barsextend, the

bracket I8 having like sleeves 22, 23, and correspondingsleeves (that encircle one and the same, support bar) are connected by; a knurled sleeve screwed on to them so that by rotating these knurled sleeves 24, 25 (which are desirably providedwith locking nuts) the size of the headstock may be adjusted to accommodatecontainers of different lengths.

That bracket it which is nearest the toolis provided with an aperture to permit the tool to pass through it into the member tobe spun and it is provided with an attachment comprising a projecting spigot 25 adapted to receive oneend of the container within it and to prevent said end tachment but it may be mentioned that this at- 68 of a container. These attachments are preferably removable, interchangeable attachments of var-'- ious diameters being provided.

It has been mentioned that it is preferred to operate on containers while they are in the openended condition. At this stage it is usual that one end of the container is beaded over, whilethe other one (which subsequently receives the end-I walls) is merely flanged outwards or inwards, It'

is this flanged end that is received in the adjustable attachment, and in order to hold ,the con:

tainer from rotation while spinning proceeds the interior periphery of the spigot is milled or knurled so as togrip theedge of the flanged-out end. Either. end may be so'received, however.

The headstock may be moved along the support bars |3, M by means of a rack of teeth 3| formed upon a rod 32 that projects from it cen-,

trally of the two support bars and a pinion 33 meshing with said rack. The traverse may be either automatic or manually. operated.

Mounted mid-way between the support bars and co-axial with the headstock there is a spinning tool l2 adapted to be rotated inany convenient' manner. This spinning tool consists of a head provided with a pluralityof pressure elements adapted to move outwards and to make contact with the interior'of the member to be spun at circumferentially spaced locations and thereby to exercise the outward pressure necessary to bulge the said member. In a simple form of tool these pressure elements consist of three or more hard steel balls 34 arranged to fiy outwards under centrifugal force, the said balls being carried in holes 35 drilled radially in the head of the tool, means being provided for terminating their outward movement when they reach a position at which they project slightly beyond the periphery of the tool head. In the case of a small diameter tool, however, if centrifugal force is found to be insuficient to produce the necessary outward pressure on the member to be spun, me chanical meansmay be provided for moving the balls outwards. To this end the tool head, in one construction shown in Fig. 2, comprises two con centric rings, the outer one 36 having its inner edge chamfered and the inner one 37 having :its outer edge chamfered to provide a V-shaped groove or race in which the balls 34 are positioned and against which they are pressed by a spring loaded collar 38 at the end of the tool. Therefore if the inner ring is moved along the tool the balls are pressed outwards, the collar yielding to permit them tomove. This movement of the inner ring is effected by a control spindle 39 that extends axially along the shaft 40 of the tool, and at its projecting outer end is engaged by a cam or the like operated in any suitable manner. Various forms of tools applicable for use in a machine according to this invention are hereinafter described.

The control member or spindle 39 that extends longitudinally within the shaft 40 of the tool may be operated by a cam 4| movable transversely of the machine. For this purpose the cam' 4| may be attachedto a flexible control such 'as the chain 42 that extends, from a point 43 of.at-

tachment on the headstock, parallel with one of the support bars l3, round a pulley 44 attached thereto and transversely to the cam; thence it' extends round a similar pulley 45 on the other support bar I 4', parallel with that bar towards the headstock, around a fixed pulley 46 and back to the headstock. Hence movement of the headstock in one direction causes transverse movement of the cam in a certain direction and movement crime headstock'in the reverse direction causes a reverse movement to the cam. Means may be provided at the points of attachment of the chain for adjusting its length, as-shown.

An adjustable stop 41 is provided for determining the traverse to the left of the headstock, while adjustable stops 48, 49 are providedfor determiningits traverse to the right. Additionallymeans are provided for adjusting the cam 4| towards the headstock so that after the work has been formed to a certain contour and of a certain width by the traverse of the cam 4| the latter may be adjusted towards the headstock,-

and by a further traverse caused to bulge the.

work to a still greater diameter or width. -.The,

cam 4| travels along an inclined wedge Eli-which is backed by a like inclined member 5| on the frame of the machine. Therefore by adjusting the wedge member 50 longitudinally,=the.cam 4| may be pushed towards or permitted to recede from the headstock. This adjustment is effected by means of a handle 52 secured to the stop shaft 49 and provided with a'pin 53 for engagingan,

adjustable abutment 54' onthe wedge member 50.

The movement of the handle 52 in the downward direction to force the cam 4| towards the head stock is limited by a stop 55.

As will be appreciated, if afterthe work piece l9 shown in Fig. 2 has beenbulged'to the diameter shown the cam 4| is adjustedto bulge the work-piece to a greater diameterat a second traverse of the headstock, the pressure balls will be forced outwards and there will be a dangerof cutting the work-piece between said balls and the edge of the external sleeve on the headstock which receives the work-piece. Therefore at the same time thatthe cam 4| is adjusted it is desirable to move the headstock away from the tool by a slight amount. Hence the stop shaft 48 rotated by the handle .52 carries a ramp 5'! engaging a corresponding ramp 58-on the machine frame so that when the handle 52 is turned the stop shaft 49 is moved to the left with a corresponding movement ofthe headstock. The

stop shaft 49 is biassed to the right by a spring 56..

If relative rotational movement is effected between the work-piece and the tool (as it may be by driving the tool shaft 40 from a motor indicated at 59) while movement of the work-piece takes place, the latter is bulged or shaped cylinl drically. If, however, the tool is held from rotation, the tools or other pressure elements .in the tool form longitudinal flutes or like enlargements of the work-piece such as are shown by way of example in Fig. 11. v I

In Figs. 3 and 4 the machineis in the main similar to that shown in Figs. 1 and ,2, .but is arranged to reciprocate vertically, theheadstock being slidably mounted for movement on vertical bars 3 and H4. The tool shaft I40 is driven by means of a motor I59 and this motor is arranged to drive, through-a gear box 60, a crank shaft 6|. On this shaft there is a crank pin 62 connected by an adjustable connecting rod 63 to the headstock sothat the latter is reciprocated by power. Conveniently the said headstock is assesses :iprovidd with" 'counterw'eights; :suchz as- :are finer cated at The reciprocationzis"controlled:by-a r clutch pedal: 65 connected-by. arod 66 .toa vlever s 61,; ar'1dctheidetailsi of: the :clutch';..are ."shown in --.means ofr a; loose pulley 68 provided: with. aidog lclutch member :69. .rFast onv the :shaft BIxtheret'is a a corresponding spring pressed clutch: member I 7 1' provided *Wifih'. aramp *1 I. .f. Normal'lyiftthe ztwo *llo -clutchzmembers areinfiengagement and thetshaft BI is connected to the motor. When ithe' :clut'ch g pedal -65 is...depressed;.;however,aa-control. shaft :7I2is :rocked by. the. lever 61 tobring a finger H3 thereon intothe'track :of;the"ramp 1 I .LThe: lat- ;3-15.-:ter initsrotational.ntravehzstrikes the, fingerflla iandithe :clutchmember QTUuiS thereby. forced out, ofr iengagement with .ithe corresp.onding.z.clutch :memberHiGQ; and .thesh'aftf 6 I .andsthei headstock' broughtitoa standstill, I

20 The control lspindle:l39 :for the toolrisroperated ratchet teeth sothat it may be adjusted. along Qthe lower pait I5I'1by a-pim'on I6; and-the cam --I4I- -t-hereby raisedzand' lowered on the carriage. An alternative arrangement of cam-carriage is ...shown in'FigrS. The cam carriage consists of dipper" and lower-wedged shaped partswlfilli and I 5 I 1 =respectively. The chain '66 is connectedto eleven 88 pivoted in :the' lower part I 5 I and-conll nected to. .a, pinion 89 .engagingwvith a rack ofratchetteeth 90 on the upper-part 'I:50 the zmovement' of the said'lever 88 being governed I -by.- stops 9|. This arrangement ensures thatat the; commencement of thetraverse' of the headray-stock. in either directiomthe-part .I50 risslidbetweenr-the .cam -I4I rand the'part "I5I andxthe .cam therebyraised"or lowered before -thetraverse 0f the cam commences. -.A rotatable cam may'be employed instead I of a traversing: cam' esuchwas 45=4I,-I4I, or -I4I An-arrangementembodying a rotatable cam is illustrated in Fig. 116. :Here'the camzis shown at I fixedto a disc at the :end flofa cam arm =I2I, theopposite end of'saidarm .bei-ng connected-by a link I22 to the bar I23 at- Zguided for longitudinal movement in 'the'imachine frame. During the tonand. fro movement "of the workholder; swivelling motion is'imparted to the cam arm 1 2 I, therebyxoscillating' or. partly rotating-the cam I20, the cam rise on which is so located and. designed as to-transmit the-required axial -movement tothe central control member orspindle I39, The-cam'may have two rises,, -I24 and I24 so disposed that'one'rise acts ;-5 on one movement of-thetool control spindle'lils .and. theother rise functions on'the return-movement. An adjusting screw I-25 in the barll23 enables the (camand workrclamp to'be setfiin correct relationship for the work being accompli'shed; I y Y I I In certain instances it is desirable'to securethe Work-piece :I 9 firmly to the hea'dstockvby a clamping device -;Which operates simultaneously to secure both: ends of thework-piece .orrelease '70 same. *A suitable arrangement is shown in'Figs. 3, 5 and 7.: The device consists'of an. inner spigot'I 2'! and aring SI carrying a secondring .82. on" which I -'-.75 83 is aniaannulari'iring xfliihaving. its; internal tachedatothe work clamp, said bar 123 being .peripherwtaperediito.:coincide'iiwithizthe; itaper: lon rthe-segmen-tal' ring B3. :Thesegments 'of the ring e B3'care' radially displaceable onfstuds 85- working :;in slots 83 while :the externalmring '86: is verttic'allyamovable-onstuds: 861 against sp'rings 582 l' carried i'by the ring .82, When the before-described sleeve .28 is rotated .by the handle" 30. so

ast-ate: GIQLInD LthE :top! .of the container 19; .the downwa'rd movement imparted to said-sleeve 28 1s rtransmitted through the depending arms 86 so' asfll-O ilto press same: downwardly,- and'lin doing so the igt'aperiitacecon said ring S t-coasts" withthatton the. segmental ring .8 3 and moves th'eT1segmentS lbf thisi ring inwardly. to clamp .the bottom of the container. 1 9. When-the handle. an .zis 'movediinulfi 1 an: opposite'.=:direction springs 82 "lift the. .ring

. 84 and permit the' segment'al .ring '83 .to move out 'gunderlth influenceliofsprings' 8'! and releasethe bottom of' "the container. The aforesaid clam-1oring device for the? [container is advantageously o fcarri'edi on :the machine? frame: on compression springs 1 I 8 I: or" equivalent cushioning elements, *there' being provided pins or othermembers for -locating the"clamp.

" One form of toolYsultable fur' use loothin the vertical and in the horizontal machine is shown -inFigQ 5."- The' tool head II2'is slotted diametrically to receive a plurality of diametrically-disposed carriages 11 each of which at its outer-end supp'ortsarotatable, roller-tor ball 18 here .sh'own' m as of oval form. Diametrically ojpposedcarriages "I'I are connected by? a flexible connection such asthe chain PIS-which passes over the'hardened end 19 of. the' control spindle and under small pulleys such as 80.- -Ihere'eforegthe relative .;up-' "ward movement of the spindle SS -limits the extent l to which the: pressure elements :80 are thrownbutwards by centrifugal force-and may 'be'e-m ployed to retract them. I

Fig; 9, showsa toollinwhich the-projectionfofhm the'pressure elements 34 under. centrifugal force is controlled,- or their proj ection and. retraction is. effected'ybymechanical: means. For. this-purpose. the pressure elements here shown as balls are inountedin' plungerst 9 I suitably disposed int? radial'bores in the tool head. The control shaft 39,"which:-is slidably' keyed in the interior of the I tool shaft 40,vis provided with a number 'ofldi- "vergent pr-ongsi 92 I whichtp'ass through bores in ithe plungers 9 I so that relative longitudinal std- 950 Just'm'ent'.'of said sh'aft' 39 :m' the shaft iilrdeterimih'es the radial-i position: of' the pressure. elelme'ntsf34. v

i:='I11"rthe-.1arrangement illustrated'in Fig. 10 the inress'ure elements 234 are" again mounted iniififi -plun'gers" 9Izin1the head :0)? the tool; but are urged inwardsbyvspring's 93 th'eir outward projection -being'tdetermine'd'by a suitably shaped swelling "5! on the end'ofthe control shaft 39. By holdr'ing ithisrtooltfrom rotationfiutes, as. shown in'teo Fig. 11'; are produced. With 'this'tool a travers- "ingca-m such as 4! --isunnecessary, for the part fi' 'may "be rest-rained: from traversing with the tool.

In.=the tool shown in Fig, 12a plurality'of levers -95 'pivotedin the tool head ill are employed as pressure elements. The operative ends: 96 of these levers arenormally contracted byimeans of .a' compressionmspring 9'1 while they are ex pandedi by means ofia sleeve @59 slidable lengthwise of the tool under the control of the spindle 39. 1 The operative ends 96 0f the levers 96' may have small rollers rotatably fitted thereat.

It is?sometimes:desirable to form an annular bulgerorrim' fat the :endof. the work pie'ceg :the em shape desired being'indicated in, dotted lines in I Fig. 13. For this purpose the pressure elements ing a knuckle connection with the slidable pressure elements 98. When the head is rotated centrifugal force throws outwards the lower weighted ends of the two levers 99, and this movement is reversed above the pivots I09 was to draw inwardly the radially movable pressure members 98. The outward ends of the members :98. are drawn inwardly within the diameter of v .the tool head thrusting back the push rod 39,

and when the tool has been inserted within the container to the required distance the push rod 39 is thrust forward by a cam as before-described and in so doing the pressure members 98 are pushed outwardly radially beyond the diameter of the head, the degree of outward movement depending upon the shape of the cam. The parts of the .pressure members 98 'actua1ly engaging with the work may, with advantage be constituted by small rollers or their equivalent rotatably mounted at the end of said members.

A tool for. profiling a multi-sided container is shown in Figs. 14 and 15. In this tool the balls 34 are traversed around a race of the same shape as the' section of the container bymeans of a gear wheel llll gearing with them and mounted on a spindle I02 rotatable inside the stationary shaft 40 of the tool. The race is constituted by interior and exterior bevelled members I03 and HM and the balls are heldtherein by means of a spring-pressed platelllfi. The radius of action of the ball is progressively varied by moving the inner member I03 longitudinally of the outer member by means of thrust bearing Hi6 and the control spindle 39. This tool does not necessitate rotation between it and the work-piece, only the shaft I02 being rotatable.

It will be understood that any of the tools shown in Figs. 2, 5, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, and 15, may be employed in each of the machines described.

I claim:

1. A machine for shaping tubular or cylindrical articles such as metal tubes or containers by expanding or bulging same comprising, in combination, means for supporting the work, a tool rotatable about a constant axis, said tool being provided with one or more members mounted for radial displacement during rotation whereby to engage and apply pressure to the interior of the work for shaping same, means for effecting rotation of said tool, means for effecting axial or longitudinal movement'- of the work simultaneously with the rotation of the tool, and means associated with said tool functioning automatically to control the outward radial displacement of said member or members.

2. A machine for shaping tubular or cylindrical articles such as metal tubes or containers comprising, in combination, means for supporting the work at each end, a tool embodying pressure-exerting means radially displaceable outwards to make contact with and exert pressure on the interior of the work, means for e'fiecting rotation of said tool, means for effecting longitudinal or axial traversing movement of the work I simultaneously with the rotation of the'tool, means functioning automatically to control the outward radial displacement of said pressure-exerting means during the traverseof the work and said last named means comprising a cam V and means interconnecting said cam with the traversing means so as to efiectmovement of th cam simultaneously with the traverse.

, 3. A machine according to claim 2 and wherein a tapered member associated with the pres; sure-exerting means is arranged to co-oper'ate with said cam device to-determine the degree of' I outward radial displacement of said pressureexerting means.

4. A machine for shaping tubular or cylina drical articles such as metal tubes or containers by expanding or bulging same comprising in comon the head-stock for holding the work and presenting an open end of it to a tool on the tool 1; 5

holder; means for effecting reciprocation of the head-stock, means for imparting rotation to'the 12 tool during said reciprocating motion, a plurality of pressure members carried by the tool and movable outwards to exert pressure on the A Work at circumferentially spaced positions, a,

member movable longitudinally of the tool for controlling said outward movement, a cam for v controlling the longitudinal movement of said] member, and an adjustable connection between;

the cam and the reciprocating part of the ma- T230 5. A machine for shaping tubularor .cylin chine for efiecting movement of the cam during.

being provided with one or more carrier members mounted in the tool for radial displacement.

during rotation; a pressure member associated,

with each carrier member for movement therewith to an'outer exposed and operative position wherein said pressure members engage and aping same; means for effecting rotation of said tool; means foreflecting longitudinal movement of the work simultaneously with the rotation of the tool; and means associated with said tool arply pressureto the interior'of the work for shape ranged to automatically control the outward I radial displacement of said pressure members.

6. A machine for shaping tubular. or cylindrical articles, such as metal tubes or'contain'er's,

by expanding or bulging the same, comprising in combination means for supporting the work;

means for effecting longitudinal movement of the work; a tool rotatable about a constant axis,-

having pivoted levers and means co-operating' therewith for displacing same outwards'to an operative position wherein they engageand apply pressure at the interior of the work for Shaping same; means associated with saidlevers for returning them to an inoperative position; means for effecting rotation of said tool simultaneously with said longitudinal movementof the work;

and means associatedwith said tool arranged to automatically control the outward radial dis placement of said levers.

7. A machine for shaping tubular or cylindrical'articles, such as metal tubes orcontainers, by expanding or bulging the same, comprising in combination means for supporting the work; means I for efiecting longitudinal movement of said tool comprising a number ofv balls, and wedge-like members movable to displace said balls radially of the tool axis to cause them to engage and apply pressure to the int'erior of the:

the work; a tool rotatable about a constant axis,

bination a bed, a head-stock, a tool-holder, means E1 15 has; '1

tool rotatable about a constant axis,-said tool" mounted for radial displacement by centrifugal force during rotation, and a roller member mounted on said carrier member adapted upon said radial-displacement to engage and apply pressure to the interior of the work for shaping same; means for effecting rotation of said tool simultaneously with the axial or longitudinal movement of the work; and means associated with said carrier member arranged to automat ically control the outward radial displacement of 10 said carrier member and roller.

JOHN ARTHUR DOVE. 

